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Graduate student instructors (GSIs) in mathematics play a pivotal role in shaping undergraduate education and are the future of collegiate mathematics faculty. As part of their development, GSIs are expected to engage in teaching-focused professional development (TPD), particularly in evidence-based strategies like Active Learning (AL) methods. However, higher education is only beginning to explore how to effectively measure GSIs' growth in teaching skills through such TPD. This study examines the learning process of 47 novice GSIs from three universities, specifically focusing on their evolving understanding of AL before and after participating in TPD. By analyzing the GSIs' own definitions of AL, the research highlights changes in their knowledge and alignment with the intended TPD outcomes. The findings provide insight into the effectiveness of TPD on AL, while also offering recommendations for structuring future evaluations of TPD impact on GSI teaching knowledge and skills. 

Transport statistics related to air masses sampled by the NASA WB-57 research aircraft during the Asian summer monsoon Chemical and Climate Impact Project (ACCLIP). These statistics are derived from 60-day forward trajectory modeling with parcels initiated along the research flight tracks. 

The structure of hadronic form factors at high energies and their deviations from perturbative quantum chromodynamics provide insight on nonperturbative dynamics. Using an approach that is consistent with dispersion relations, we construct a model that simultaneously accounts for the pion wave function, gluonic exchanges, and quark Reggeization. In particular, we find that quark Reggeization can be investigated at high energies by studying scaling violation of the form factor. Published by the American Physical Society2025 

Abstract Refractory black carbon (rBC) is a primary aerosol species, produced through incomplete combustion, that absorbs sunlight and contributes to positive radiative forcing. The overall climate effect of rBC depends on its spatial distribution and atmospheric lifetime, both of which are impacted by the efficiency with which rBC is transported or removed by convective systems. These processes are poorly constrained by observations. It is especially interesting to investigate rBC transport efficiency through the Asian Summer Monsoon (ASM) since this meteorological pattern delivers vast quantities of boundary layer air from Asia, where rBC emissions are high to the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (UT/LS) where the lifetime of rBC is expected to be long. Here, we present in situ observations of rBC made during the Asian Summer Monsoon Chemistry and Climate Impact Project of summer, 2022. We use observed relationships between rBC and CO in ASM outflow to show that rBC is removed nearly completely (>98%) from uplifted air and that rBC concentrations in ASM outflow are statistically indistinguishable from the UT/LS background. We compare observed rBC and CO concentrations to those expected based on two chemical transport models and find that the models reproduce CO to within a factor of 2 at all altitudes whereas rBC is overpredicted by a factor of 20–100 at altitudes associated with ASM outflow. We find that the rBC particles in recently convected air have thinner coatings than those found in the UTLS background, suggesting transport of a small number of rBC particles that are negligible for concentration.